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Sycamore Shadows - 9x12, oil
Who was my influence for this painting? |
One common question I get from workshop students as well as from other artists is: Who are your influences?
This is a hard question to answer. I'm a sponge, drawing from many sources. My answer usually consists of the names you'd expect and ones to whom many plein air painters look for guidance:
Edgar Payne,
John Carlson and
Emile Gruppé. These deceased artists wrote books that comprise the accepted canon of plein air painting wisdom. Payne has his
Composition of Outdoor Painting; Carlson, his
Guide to Landscape Painting; and Gruppé, a variety of books including my favorite,
Brushwork for the Oil Painter. (Actually, the writer of Gruppé's books was
Charles Movalli; Movalli is a fine painter in his own right.) Another painter, living, is
Richard Schmid. His book
Alla Prima: Everything I Know About Painting, might also be included in the canon.
But are these and the other painters I'll list in a moment truly "influences"? What is an "influence," exactly? And am I being immodest in thinking that my work is mature enough to exhibit any such influences?
I always enjoy a piece of representational art if it demonstrates good craftsmanship. This goes for art all the way from Roman times through the Renaissance and to today's newest generation of artists. But as much as I like, for example, the work of
Dante Gabriel Rossetti and the other
Pre-Raphaelites, my paintings are nothing like theirs. I don't paint figures in a tableau of highly-romanticized, stylized landscapes. I like many artists, but I may not paint like them.
But beyond well-crafted paintings, there are certain pieces that speak to me personally and on a higher level. These conjure up not only an emotion but also a strong desire to paint something similar. This is, in fact, why I wanted to become a painter: I wanted to create that kind of magic, too.
As an aside, I will offer for your consideration this: Every piece of artwork I enjoy has an effect on my own work, however subtle. Everything has a hand in shaping me - even Rossetti. But artwork that creates magic is large and powerful, and when we speak of influences, this is what I mean.
I would define an influential artist - or better, an influential body of artwork, since an artist's style and subject changes over the course of his lifetime - as having qualities that I borrow and incorporate into my own paintings in some way.
When I paint, is borrowing some of the magic a conscious or an unconscious act? It is rare that I actually study a piece of art. It's not my nature to do so. Instead, I experience the painting and remember the feeling it creates. If I were a better student, I would make a list of what appeals to me and what tools the artist used to create the magic. Although my method of non-study sounds inefficient, it works for me. When I am in the studio painting, I am following instincts that have been honed by looking at work that inspires me.
To come up with a list of influences, I must first categorize my work. I've painted in many styles over the years with many subjects. (I like to tell the story of a client who came to my studio gallery once. He took a few moments to gaze at the walls and finally asked, "How many artists do you represent?" Just me, I said, but I paint with ten different personalities.) I'll forget the distant past, though, and focus on my work of the last few years.
The following definition is long-winded, but accurate: I paint representational (realistic) landscapes with a degree of abstraction, emphasizing tone (value) over color. I use mostly realistic color but tend toward expressive color. Finally, I emphasize distinctive mark-making.
So who else are my forefathers in this line of shamans?
I've studied under some good painters, and they, of course, have left their mark on me. These include
Albert Handell,
Doug Dawson,
Bob Rohm and my mentor, the late
Ann Templeton. I think about their methods and remember key bits of their wisdom every time I hold a paint brush or stick of pastel in my hand. By the way, I chose these teachers because their paintings create magic for me.
Now, you may look at the artists I've mentioned and say, "His work looks nothing like theirs!" Well, I don't take the magic wholesale, but in bits and pieces. I may, for example, use Ann Templeton's approach of abstracting the landscape but not, perhaps, her use of color. Or I may use Albert Handell's vision of tree shapes, but not, perhaps, his way of working from the center of interest out. I am a witches' brew of this and that.
With that thought in mind, here are more from my list of influential artists, and I leave it up to history to determine what I have borrowed and what I have not. If it's any help, I have written next to each artist's name what appeals to me about their work.
- Andrew Wyeth - Telling a story, creating mystery
- Maynard Dixon - Composition, abstract shapes
- William Wendt - Handling of light in the landscape
- Paul Cézanne - Abstract shapes, mark-making
- Vincent Van Gogh - Color usage, mark-making
- Edgar Degas - Composition, drawing expertise
- Claude Monet - Color usage, handling of light
- John Singer Sargent - Mark-making, drawing expertise
- Joaquin Sorolla - Mark-making, handling of light
- Jan Vermeer - Handling of light, drawing expertise
- Rembrandt - Composition, handling of light, drawing expertise
- Leonardo Da Vinci - Drawing expertise
There are many other deceased painters whose work I enjoy and think about. I'm not sure if I have borrowed anything from them yet. Here's a short list:
and the list goes on.
There are also many other painters still living today whose work casts a spell over me, and many of them are friends. Some of them are
Tim Gaydos,
William Wray,
Ray Roberts,
Lois Griffel,
Kate Starling,
Curt Walters,
Wayne Thiebaud,
Jeremy Lipking,
Casey Baugh,
Matt Smith,
Skip Whitcomb - and again, the list goes on. (And my apologies to all the many excellent artists I know personally but whom I didn't mention here!)
Is it immodest of me to list influences before I am dead? Perhaps, but I have had the question asked of me, so clearly someone thinks it's important to know. But even so, it is good to think about one's influences. I think that this essay has been a useful exercise for me, and perhaps it will lead me to deeper study of the work I like and to an improvement in my own.
At the top of this post is a recent painting - I'd be curious to hear who you think my influences might have been for it.
